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Related Concept Videos

Red Algae01:23

Red Algae

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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis
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Porphyridium purpureum microalga physiological and ultrastructural changes under copper intoxication.

Zhanna V Markina1, Tatyana Yu Orlova1, Yuri A Vasyanovich2

  • 1A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.

Toxicology Reports
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Copper exposure affects the microalga Porphyridium purpureum, altering cell size and pigment fluorescence. High copper concentrations inhibit growth and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), impacting cell structure.

Keywords:
Aquatic pollutionCopperFluorescencePhotosynthetic pigmentsPorphyridium purpureumReactive oxygen speciesRhodophytaUltrastructure

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Phycology
  • Environmental toxicology

Background:

  • Microalgae are crucial primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
  • Copper is an essential micronutrient but toxic at elevated concentrations.
  • Understanding copper's impact on microalgae is vital for aquatic ecosystem health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of copper (Cu) on the cell dynamics and structure of the microalga Porphyridium purpureum.
  • To determine the dose-dependent toxicity of copper on microalgal growth and physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to assess cell numbers, chlorophyll a and phycoerythrin fluorescence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.
  • Ultrastructural analysis examined changes in thylakoid topography.
  • Microalgal populations were exposed to varying concentrations of copper.

Main Results:

  • Copper concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/L did not significantly alter cell numbers, while 150 μg/L inhibited population growth.
  • Chlorophyll a fluorescence increased at 100 μg/L Cu, and phycoerythrin fluorescence enhanced at 150 μg/L Cu.
  • ROS content increased in a dose-dependent manner with copper exposure, and cell size distribution shifted towards smaller cells (4-6 μm).
  • Thylakoid topography alterations were observed and increased with copper concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Copper exposure significantly impacts Porphyridium purpureum, affecting growth, pigment content, ROS production, and cell structure.
  • The microalga exhibits a dose-dependent response to copper toxicity.
  • These findings highlight the sensitivity of Porphyridium purpureum to copper pollution and its potential ecological implications.