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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Potential Adjunct Therapy for COVID-19.

Eric Azabou1, Guillaume Bao1, Rania Bounab2

  • 1Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Unit, Departments of Physiology and Critical Care Medicine, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm UMR 1173, Infection and Inflammation (2I), University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines (UVSQ), Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France.

Frontiers in Medicine
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes severe inflammation. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may reduce COVID-19 complications and improve outcomes, warranting further clinical investigation.

Keywords:
COVID-19cytokine storminflammationneuromodulationnon-drug therapyoutcomevagus nerve stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through excessive end-organ inflammation, leading to high mortality rates.
  • Despite advancements in understanding pathophysiology and pharmacological treatments like IL-6 inhibitors and corticosteroids, effective treatments for COVID-19 remain limited.
  • Non-drug therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory processes are underexplored for reducing COVID-19 complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a non-pharmacological adjuvant therapy for COVID-19.
  • To investigate the role of modulating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways (CAPs) in managing COVID-19-induced inflammation.
  • To highlight the need for clinical trials evaluating VNS in COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on VNS and its anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models and human studies.
  • Discussion of the mechanism of action of VNS in modulating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways (CAPs).
  • Identification of ongoing clinical trials investigating VNS as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has demonstrated the ability to attenuate inflammation in various models.
  • Preliminary human data suggest VNS may be a viable strategy for managing inflammatory conditions.
  • Two clinical trials are currently underway to assess VNS in COVID-19 patients (NCT04382391 and NCT04368156).

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (t-VNS) presents a promising non-pharmacological approach to mitigate COVID-19-related inflammation.
  • Modulating CAPs via VNS could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19, complementing existing treatments.
  • Further large-scale clinical trials are necessary to definitively establish the efficacy and safety of VNS as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.