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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Orthotopic Ovarian Transplantation Procedures to Investigate the Life- and Health-span Influence of Ovarian Senescence in Female Mice
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Longevity pathways are associated with human ovarian ageing.

Myrthe A J Smits1, Georges E Janssens2, Mariëtte Goddijn1

  • 1Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Human Reproduction Open
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genes involved in somatic cell aging, particularly longevity pathways, are linked to ovarian aging. These include growth, metabolism, and cell-cycle pathways, offering potential targets for fertility treatments.

Keywords:
female fertilitylongevity pathwaysoocyte qualityoocytesovarian ageingtranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and aging research.
  • Genetics and molecular mechanisms of aging.

Background:

  • Ovarian aging is characterized by declining follicle quantity, oocyte quality, and reduced fertility.
  • Somatic cell longevity genes are well-researched, but their role in ovarian aging is unclear.
  • Ovarian aging occurs earlier than somatic cell aging, suggesting distinct regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if genes associated with somatic cell longevity pathways are also involved in ovarian aging.
  • To explore potential genetic targets for addressing subfertility due to ovarian aging.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression profiles from 38 germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (ages 25-43).
  • Correlation of gene expression with female calendar age and biological age markers (FSH dosage, Antral Follicle Count).
  • Utilized the GeneAge database and bioinformatics tools for gene identification and analysis.

Main Results:

  • Expression of 15 anti-longevity genes positively correlated with age and FSH, negatively with AFC.
  • Expression of 32 pro-longevity genes showed opposite correlations.
  • Anti-longevity genes included growth-related genes (e.g., mTOR pathway), while pro-longevity genes involved DNA repair and cell-cycle checkpoints.

Conclusions:

  • Growth, metabolism, and cell-cycle pathways implicated in somatic aging are associated with ovarian aging.
  • These findings suggest potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways for ovarian aging.
  • Further experimental validation is needed to confirm the direct involvement of these genes in oocyte aging.