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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
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Empagliflozin therapy and insulin resistance-associated disorders: effects and promises beyond a diabetic state

Georgios S Papaetis1,2

  • 1Internal Medicine and Diabetes Clinic, Paphos, Cyprus.

Archives of Medical Sciences. Atherosclerotic Diseases
|May 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, offers cardiovascular and renal benefits beyond blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes. It also shows potential for treating insulin resistance disorders and reducing inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor used in type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • It demonstrates cardiovascular and renal benefits beyond glycemic control.
  • Emerging evidence suggests anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical and clinical evidence of empagliflozin.
  • To explore its effects in insulin resistance disorders beyond diabetes.
  • To discuss its therapeutic potential in high cardiovascular-risk populations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of preclinical studies.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data.
  • Literature search for empagliflozin's effects on metabolic and inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

  • Empagliflozin improves body weight, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in T2D.
  • Studies indicate significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
  • Evidence supports its benefits in conditions related to insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Empagliflozin exhibits pleiotropic effects beyond glucose lowering.
  • It holds promise for managing insulin resistance-related disorders.
  • Further research is warranted for its application in high-risk cardiovascular patients.
Keywords:
empagliflozininsulin resistancemetabolic syndromeobesity

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