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Coronavirus disease 2019 and kidney injury

Shweta Punj1, Eudora Eng, Aneesha A Shetty

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This review examines kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlighting common findings like acute tubular necrosis and glomerular injury. Further research is needed on milder cases and long-term effects of COVID-19 on kidney health.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kidney injury is a frequent complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • It is associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Common pathological findings include acute tubular necrosis and glomerular injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated kidney injury.
  • To focus on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 related kidney damage.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2's renal impact.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on COVID-19 and kidney injury.
  • Analysis of reported pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of recent findings on renal complications.

Main Results:

  • Direct viral effects, endothelial dysfunction, and podocyte/tubular epithelial injury are implicated in COVID-19 kidney injury.
  • COVID-19-related glomerular injury may be linked to the high-risk APOL1 genotype.
  • Acute tubular necrosis and glomerular injury are common findings in affected patients.

Conclusions:

  • Novel mechanisms of kidney injury in COVID-19 require further elucidation.
  • More data are needed on renal involvement in milder COVID-19 cases.
  • Long-term sequelae and renal-specific therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 require investigation.

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