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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

9.5K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
2.4K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

48.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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[Cochlear Implantation in Single-Sided Deafness - Six Years of Follow-Up from Diagnosis and Consistent Use, Through Dedicated and Creative Auditory Learning, to the Development of Bilateral Central Processing Abilities].

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Medical outcomes after canal wall-down mastoidectomy, external ear canal reconstruction, tympanoplasty, and mastoid obliteration for extensive cholesteatoma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
08:47

Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery

Published on: January 19, 2022

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[MIDDLE EAR CHOLESTEATOMA].

Michal Luntz1,2, Roni Barzilai1,2

  • 1The Ear and Hearing Center, A.R.M.-Advanced Otolaryngology Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Harefuah
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cholesteatoma, a severe middle ear disease, requires surgery for treatment. Early diagnosis and structured follow-up are crucial to manage its high recurrence rate and prevent complications.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Middle Ear Disease
  • Surgical Treatment

Background:

  • Cholesteatoma is the most severe middle ear disease, often resulting from under-aeration.
  • Characterized by otorrhea and hearing loss, it can lead to severe intra- and extra-cranial complications.
  • Currently, no non-surgical treatment exists; surgery is the only option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and treatment strategies for cholesteatoma.
  • To emphasize the importance of surgical intervention and hearing rehabilitation.
  • To highlight the necessity of structured follow-up for managing cholesteatoma recidivism.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on micro-otoscopy, with imaging used when otoscopy is inconclusive.
  • Surgical approach (Canal wall up vs. Canal wall down mastoidectomy) depends on disease extent and anatomical factors.

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Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique

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Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Surgery
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Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy Retrograde Mastoidectomy using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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  • Hearing rehabilitation may involve external or implantable hearing devices.

    • Main Results:

    • Surgical treatment aims for a stable and safe ear, with the choice of procedure tailored to individual cases.
    • Hearing rehabilitation seeks to restore hearing as close to normal as possible.
    • Cholesteatoma exhibits a high recurrence rate, necessitating vigilant monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical for managing cholesteatoma.
    • A structured follow-up protocol, including otoscopy and MRI, is essential for detecting and treating recidivism.
    • Prompt surgical re-intervention is indicated upon diagnosis of cholesteatoma recurrence to prevent further complications.