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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

Clearance measures drug elimination from the central compartment, including plasma and highly perfused organs like kidneys and liver. Its calculation varies depending on pharmacokinetic models and administration routes. The one-compartment model, for instance, portrays the pharmacokinetics of polar drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics administered intravenously and readily excreted in urine. In this case, clearance is influenced by the terminal rate constant (λz) and the total volume...

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Precision Induction and Distinction of Coughing and Sneezing Reflexes in Mice

Precision Induction and Distinction of Coughing and Sneezing Reflexes in Mice

Published on: October 3, 2025

Case 294.

Marianne Golse¹, Maxime Barat¹, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau¹

¹From the Departments of Radiology (M.G., M.B., M.P.R.) and Internal Medicine (N.C.C.), Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, 27 Rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris 75014, France; and Université de Paris, Paris, France (M.B., N.C.C., M.P.R.).

|May 24, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A 50-year-old woman with bilateral lower limb deep vein thrombosis developed acute chest pain and kidney injury after starting anticoagulation. This case highlights potential complications and diagnostic challenges in patients with venous thromboembolism.

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Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Cardiology
Hematology

Background:

A 50-year-old woman presented with lower limb pain, asthenia, and arthralgia.
Medical history included a prior fetal death and recent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cause of acute chest pain, abdominal pain, and kidney injury in a patient with DVT following anticoagulation initiation.
To evaluate for potential complications of anticoagulation therapy and underlying conditions.

Main Methods:

Clinical presentation and laboratory findings including hemoglobin, platelet count, C-reactive protein, d-dimer, and creatinine.
Diagnostic imaging including compression ultrasonography of lower limbs, contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and cardiac MRI.
Cardiac evaluation including electrocardiography and echocardiography, and emergency coronary angiography.

Main Results:

Bilateral calf vein thrombosis was diagnosed, and anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin was initiated.
Post-anticoagulation, the patient developed dyspnea, chest and abdominal pain, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, and fingertip necrosis.
Laboratory tests revealed worsening kidney function, proteinuria, and elevated troponin levels, with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

The patient's presentation suggests a complex clinical scenario possibly involving anticoagulation-related complications or an underlying systemic process.
Further investigation is warranted to determine the precise etiology of the multi-organ system involvement and guide management.