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Related Concept Videos

Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

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Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence....
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Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

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Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Protein Folding01:25

Protein Folding

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Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Upon synthesis, a protein folds into a three-dimensional conformation, critical to its biological function. Interactions between its constituent amino acids guide protein folding, and hence the protein structure is primarily dependent on its amino acid sequence.
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
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Protein Folding01:22

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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction
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A Protocol for Computer-Based Protein Structure and Function Prediction

Published on: November 3, 2011

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The breakthrough in protein structure prediction.

Andrei N Lupas1, Joana Pereira1, Vikram Alva1

  • 1Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

The Biochemical Journal
|May 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DeepMinds AlphaFold2 program achieved a breakthrough in protein structure prediction, solving a 50-year challenge. This artificial intelligence model accurately predicts protein structures from amino acid sequences, advancing life sciences.

Keywords:
AlphaFold2CASPartificial intelligencedeep learningprotein folding problemprotein structure prediction

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Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Proteins require specific 3D structures for biological activity.
  • The protein folding problem, linking amino acid sequence to structure, has been a long-standing challenge.
  • The Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments benchmark progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress towards solving the protein folding problem.
  • To outline the methodology of AlphaFold2, a novel AI-driven protein structure prediction tool.
  • To discuss the implications of AlphaFold2s success for the life sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) framework for evaluation.
  • Employed AlphaFold2, an artificial intelligence program developed by DeepMind.
  • Compared AI-generated protein models against experimentally determined structures.

Main Results:

  • AlphaFold2 demonstrated unprecedented accuracy in predicting protein structures.
  • The program's predictions were often indistinguishable from experimental data.
  • A consensus emerged that the single-chain protein structure prediction problem is solved.

Conclusions:

  • DeepMinds AlphaFold2 represents a significant breakthrough in computational biology.
  • The ability to accurately predict protein structures has profound implications for biological research.
  • This advancement is expected to accelerate discoveries across the life sciences.