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Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
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Efficient Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 96 Multiwell Format
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Testing the adaptive value of sporulation in budding yeast using experimental evolution.

Kelly M Thomasson1, Alexander Franks2, Henrique Teotónio3

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|May 24, 2021
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Summary

Insect guts select for yeast spore formation. Yeast evolved increased sporulation after insect passage, with wild strains showing a stronger response than domesticated ones.

Keywords:
Bayesian analysisSaccharomycesdispersaleco-evolutionary dynamicsexperimental evolutionheritabilityvegetative growth

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Saccharomyces yeast reproduce via mitotic division but can undergo meiosis to form spores during starvation.
  • Sporulation offers protection but halts resource acquisition, representing a trade-off between current and future reproduction.
  • Insect gut passage is a significant vectoring mechanism for yeasts, potentially selecting for spore formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary effects of insect gut passage on yeast sporulation propensity.
  • To compare the response to insect passaging between wild-derived and domesticated yeast strains.
  • To understand the genetic basis of adaptation to insect vectoring.

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting replicate populations of five yeast strains to insect gut passage.
  • Evolving control populations through standard pipette passaging.
  • Assaying evolved populations for their sporulation rates after resource depletion.

Main Results:

  • All yeast strains evolved increased spore production after insect passaging.
  • Wild-derived strains exhibited a more rapid and extreme increase in sporulation compared to domesticated strains.
  • Domesticated yeast strains showed a reduced capacity to increase sporulation in response to insect passage.

Conclusions:

  • Insect gut passage exerts selective pressure favoring increased yeast spore production.
  • Domestication may lead to genetic canalization, reducing the evolutionary response to environmental cues like insect vectoring.
  • Adaptation to insect dispersal involves changes in the regulation of sporulation initiation.