Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in cows: A meta-analysis

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the time of embryo transfer (ET) are commonly used to improve pregnancy rates in cows. A meta-analysis was conducted on 16 trials from 9 publications involving control (n = 2335) and NSAID-treated (n = 2849) cows. The meta-analysis explained the relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) for pregnancy per embryo transfer (P/ET) after NSAID treatment under various circumstances. NSAID treatment with was associated on average with a 15% higher P/ET compared to no treatment (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.2). The results also highlight that the use of NSAIDs at the time of ET was particularly effective in cows with difficulty in passing the catheter from the cervix during ET, with 71% more likely P/ET (RR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.74) with the use of NSAIDs for these cows compared to other cows. The data were too limited to analyse the influence of NSAID molecules (flunixin meglumine [FM] and meloxicam), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor type (non-selective COX inhibitor [both COX-1 and COX-2] and selective COX inhibitor [only COX-2]), embryo processing (embryo production, embryo conservation and embryo quality), stress, synchronization, breed and parity on the relationship between NSAIDs and P/ET.