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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

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Mapping terrestrial water storage changes in Canada using GRACE and GRACE-FO.

Farzam Fatolazadeh1, Kalifa Goïta1

  • 1Centre d'applications et de recherches en télédétection (CARTEL), Département de géomatique appliquée, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Québec, Canada.

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|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes in Canada were estimated using GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite data. Analysis revealed significant seasonal patterns and a positive trend, particularly around Hudson Bay, with improved accuracy over previous methods.

Keywords:
CanadaGRACEGRACE-FOGlacial Isostatic adjustmentTerrestrial water storage changes

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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Hydrology
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes is crucial for understanding hydrological dynamics.
  • Previous TWS change estimations using satellite gravity data were limited by factors like Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) signals and data leakage.
  • The Canadian landscape presents unique hydrological characteristics requiring precise TWS change analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate and analyze terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes across Canada using GRACE and GRACE-FO satellite data.
  • To refine TWS change estimations by correcting for Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) signals and leakage.
  • To validate the improved TWS change estimations against established GIA models and hydrological models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellite data from April 2002 to December 2019.
  • Applied regional-scale modeling for Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) correction and addressed data leakage.
  • Validated GIA correction using GPS station data and compared TWS results with Mascon solutions and hydrological models (WGHM).

Main Results:

  • Refined TWS changes exhibited strong seasonal patterns ranging from -160 mm to 80 mm.
  • A positive TWS trend of 6.6 mm/year was observed for the combined GRACE/GRACE-FO period, increasing to 45 mm/year in central Canada.
  • The developed approach demonstrated superior correlation and lower root mean square errors compared to Mascon products.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully refined TWS change estimations in Canada by implementing advanced GIA correction methods.
  • The findings highlight significant hydrological changes in central Canada, particularly around Hudson Bay.
  • The validated approach offers a more accurate method for analyzing TWS dynamics using satellite gravity data.