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Evaluating global ecosystem water use efficiency response to drought based on multi-model analysis.

Shanshan Yang1, Jiahua Zhang2, Jiaqi Han1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) responses to drought vary globally, with evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) playing different roles. Multi-model analysis reduces uncertainty in understanding these drought impacts on ecosystems.

Keywords:
DroughtEcosystem water use efficiency (WUE)Evapotranspiration (ET)Gross primary productivity (GPP)Remote sensing-driven model

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Drought significantly impacts terrestrial ecosystems, affecting water and carbon cycles.
  • Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is a key indicator for assessing drought impacts, but its response mechanisms and controlling processes require further study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the response of WUE to drought using multiple remote sensing-driven models and drought indices.
  • To identify the dominant ecosystem processes (GPP and ET) controlling WUE-drought relationships across different regions.
  • To reduce uncertainties in WUE-drought analysis through multi-model approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four remote sensing-driven (RS-driven) WUE datasets and three drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, soil moisture anomaly index, water storage anomaly index) from 2001-2018.
  • Employed Spearman correlation analysis to assess WUE-drought relationships globally.
  • Analyzed the influence of Gross Primary Production (GPP) and Evapotranspiration (ET) on WUE-drought dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Discrepancies were observed in WUE temporal trends among different RS-driven models, especially in tropical/subtropical forests and semi-arid regions.
  • Positive correlations between WUE and drought occurred in over half of global vegetated lands; negative correlations were mainly in high latitudes.
  • ET controlled WUE-drought relationships in high latitudes and semi-arid/sub-humid regions, while GPP dominated in tropical forests. These effects varied with drought indices, particularly in semi-arid areas.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-model analysis is crucial for reducing uncertainties in assessing drought impacts on WUE.
  • Ecosystem processes like ET and GPP play distinct, regionally varying roles in mediating WUE responses to drought.
  • Findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying drought's effects on ecosystem water and carbon cycles.