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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Cefiderocol.

Erin K McCreary1, Emily L Heil2, Pranita D Tamma3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cefiderocol offers broad-spectrum activity against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, but clinical data are mixed. This review clarifies its role in treating challenging infections caused by specific resistant pathogens.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumannii complexGram negativePseudomonas aeruginosaStenotrophomonas maltophiliametallo-β-lactamasemultidrug resistant

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Alarming rise in bacterial resistance to carbapenem agents.
  • Need for novel antimicrobial agents to combat resistant infections.
  • Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore-cephalosporin, presents broad-spectrum activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cefiderocol's pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and resistance mechanisms.
  • To determine cefiderocol's clinical role in managing specific carbapenem-resistant pathogens.
  • To provide guidance on prescribing cefiderocol in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical, clinical trial, and postmarketing data.
  • Analysis of cefiderocol's efficacy against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales.
  • Evaluation of data for less common glucose-nonfermenting organisms.

Main Results:

  • Cefiderocol demonstrates broad activity but clinical data present conflicting evidence.
  • Summarized data on cefiderocol's use in specific resistant bacterial infections.
  • Identified putative mechanisms of cefiderocol resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Conflicting clinical data necessitate careful consideration for cefiderocol prescription.
  • Cefiderocol's positioning as a therapeutic option for specific resistant pathogens requires further clarification.
  • Guidance is provided on the clinical utility of cefiderocol against challenging bacterial infections.