Characteristics of ovarian malignancy in Bali province, Indonesia

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosed in a tertiary referral centre in Bali, Indonesia, according to several risk factors.

This is a descriptive retrospective study using data from the medical records of patients diagnosed with primary OC who underwent surgery at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali from January 2018 to December 2019.

A total of 94 OC or 19.4% from total gynecologic cancer (484 cases) were diagnosed. The characteristics of the majority of OC were as follows: 1. Socio demography: median age 46.5 years (interquartile range: 16.5) and 47.9% (45/94) had low educational level; 2. Hormonal factor: 48.9% (46/94) were multiparous, 59.6% (56/94) were premenopausal, and 97.9% (92/94) had never used oral contraceptive pills; 3. Genetic: all patients did not have a family history of ovarian cancer; 4. Clinical characteristics: 76.6% (72/94) with histologic type of epithelial tumors, 61.7% (58/94) with advanced stage, 74.5% (70/94) with unilateral tumor, and 44.7% (42/94) with mass sized 11-20 cm. In advanced OC, 63.8% (37/58) presented with ascites and omental carcinomatosis, 87.9% (51/58) without liver metastasis; and 5. Surgical outcome: 55.3% (52/94) underwent primary cytoreductive surgery and 78.8% (41/52) had suboptimal surgical outcome.

The characteristics of OC in the study population were different compared with the developed countries and the global population, i.e. the incidence of OC was most common among younger and premenopausal women. The majority of patients with advance OC had suboptimal surgical outcome.