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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Kramers nodal line metals.

Ying-Ming Xie1, Xue-Jian Gao1, Xiao Yan Xu2

  • 1Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.

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|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

All achiral non-centrosymmetric metals with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are topological, forming new Kramers nodal line metals (KNLMs). These materials exhibit unique Fermi surfaces and can be parent states for Kramers Weyl semimetals (KWSs).

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Topological Materials

Background:

  • Chiral crystals with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can be Kramers Weyl semimetals (KWSs).
  • KWSs feature Weyl points at time-reversal invariant momenta.
  • A gap exists in understanding topological classifications for achiral materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a new class of topological materials: Kramers nodal line metals (KNLMs).
  • Investigate the properties and topological characteristics of KNLMs.
  • Establish the relationship between KNLMs and KWSs.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electronic band structures.
  • Identification of Kramers nodal lines (KNLs) in achiral non-centrosymmetric materials with SOC.
  • Characterization of Fermi surface topologies (spindle torus and octdong types).

Main Results:

  • KNLMs possess doubly degenerate Kramers nodal lines connecting time-reversal invariant momenta.
  • Octdong Fermi surfaces host electrons described by 2D massless Dirac Hamiltonians.
  • KNLMs support quantized optical conductance in thin films and act as parent states for KWSs.

Conclusions:

  • All non-centrosymmetric metals with SOC are topological, existing as either KNLMs or KWSs.
  • KNLMs represent a novel class of topological matter with unique electronic properties.
  • This work expands the classification of topological materials beyond chiral systems.