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Gender-based differences in COVID-19.
Y-J Su1,2,3,4, K-C Kuo1, T-W Wang1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
New Microbes and New Infections
|May 25, 2021
Summary
Men with COVID-19 experienced longer incubation periods and higher mortality rates compared to women. Comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension increased risks for severe COVID-19 outcomes in both genders.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- This study investigated gender-based differences in the clinical characteristics, symptoms, and outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
- Data from 398 COVID-19 patients in Taiwan (January 21 to April 18, 2020) were analyzed for gender disparities.
Discussion:
- Male patients exhibited a significantly longer incubation period (8 vs. 4.8 days) and were older when presenting with chest X-ray (CXR) infiltration.
- COVID-19 mortality rates were substantially higher in males (3.2%) compared to females (0.5%), a 6.4-fold difference.
Key Insights:
- Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension were associated with increased risk of CXR infiltration and severe outcomes, including intubation, ICU admission, and mortality.
- Female patients with COVID-19 presenting with fever, cough, and dyspnea were more susceptible to CXR infiltration.
- Key factors for severe COVID-19 and death included male sex, older age, and for females, the presence of fever, cough, dyspnea, and diabetes mellitus.
Outlook:
- Further research into gender-specific COVID-19 pathophysiology and treatment strategies is warranted.
- Understanding these gender differences can inform targeted public health interventions and clinical management for severe COVID-19.
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