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Intellectual Functioning of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the KNOW-Ped CKD

Na Ri Kang1, Yo Han Ahn2, Eujin Park3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|May 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have lower intelligence, especially those with growth failure or long-term illness. Early interventions may improve cognitive function in pediatric CKD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) negatively impacts child development and is linked to neurocognitive impairment.
  • Limited research exists on the cognitive function of pediatric CKD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the average intelligence quotient (IQ) in children and adolescents with CKD.
  • To identify risk factors associated with lower IQ in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-one pediatric patients with CKD were enrolled in the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-Ped CKD).
  • Participants underwent cognitive assessment using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (ages 6-16) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (ages >16).

Main Results:

  • The mean full-scale IQ was 91 ± 19, with 24.7% scoring below 80.
  • Lower mean IQs were observed in patients with short stature, failure to thrive, advanced CKD stage (≥ IIIb), longer CKD duration (≥ 5 years), and those on Medicare/Medicaid.

Conclusions:

  • Longer CKD duration and growth failure significantly correlated with lower full-scale IQ, even after adjusting for other variables.
  • Cognitive impairment screening is crucial for pediatric CKD patients with growth failure or prolonged disease duration.
  • Early interventions, potentially including kidney transplantation, may positively influence IQ in children with CKD.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildrenChronic Kidney DiseaseIntelligence

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