Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

1.7K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
1.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

79.2K
Overview
79.2K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

7.3K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
7.3K
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

5.1K
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
5.1K
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

62.2K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
62.2K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

13.4K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
13.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modified Anti-PstS1 Bi-specific antibodies unlock potent protection against tuberculosis.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Decoy antibodies block extracellular HSP70, prevent self-signaling, and inhibit melanoma cell survival.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients target cryptic epitopes for broad SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Antibodies in tuberculosis: functional capacity as key determinant.

Infection and immunity·2026
Same author

Monoclonal antibodies for Mpox: protective targets and therapeutic potential.

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS·2026
Same author

Potent neutralization by antibodies targeting the MPXV A28 protein.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals
08:49

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.1K

Antibodies: what makes us stronger.

Natalia T Freund1

  • 1Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe COVID-19 illness correlates with strong antiviral antibody and memory B cell responses, contrary to expectations. High viral loads may drive antibody generation for future protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords:
B cellsSARS-CoV-2neutralizing antibodiestuberculosis

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.6K
Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
10:35

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals
08:49

Printed Glycan Array: A Sensitive Technique for the Analysis of the Repertoire of Circulating Anti-carbohydrate Antibodies in Small Animals

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.1K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.6K
Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
10:35

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Neutralizing antibodies are crucial for vaccine-induced protection against pathogens like SARS-CoV-2.
  • The role of antibody responses in the initial course of infection remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between antibody and B cell responses and COVID-19 disease severity.
  • To determine if high antibody titers correlate with milder disease outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of antibody titers and B cell responses in patients with severe versus mild COVID-19.
  • Comparison of immune responses in COVID-19 patients with previously observed patterns in tuberculosis patients.

Main Results:

  • Severe COVID-19, not mild infection, correlated with robust antiviral antibody and memory B cell responses.
  • This finding mirrors observations with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies in tuberculosis patients.
  • High viral loads appear to stimulate B cells, leading to high-affinity antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody and B cell responses correlate with disease severity in first-time infections.
  • The observed immune response in severe COVID-19 may confer protection upon subsequent pathogen exposure.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for developing effective vaccines and treatments for viral infections.