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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

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Nutrient Intake and Muscle Measures in Geriatric Outpatients.

Suey S Y Yeung1,2, Esmee M Reijnierse2,3, Petrus J J F Deen1

  • 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American College of Nutrition
|May 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrient intake, particularly energy, iodine, and folate, showed initial associations with muscle mass and strength in older adults. However, these links were not statistically significant after adjustments, suggesting limited impact on muscle health.

Keywords:
Ageddietmusclesnutrition assessmentsarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Sarcopenia Research

Background:

  • Low muscle mass and function are significant health concerns in older adults, increasing risks for adverse outcomes.
  • Nutrient intake is a modifiable factor that may influence muscle health in the elderly population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake (macro- and micronutrients) and muscle measures in geriatric outpatients.
  • To identify specific nutrients associated with muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle power in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 58 geriatric outpatients (mean age 77.2 years).
  • Nutrient intake assessed via a 3-day food diary with energy-adjusted calculations.
  • Muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), strength (handgrip), and power (chair-stand test) were measured. Statistical analysis included univariate linear regression with Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

  • Initial univariate analyses indicated associations between higher energy, iodine, and folate intake and greater muscle mass.
  • Higher folate intake was also initially linked to greater muscle strength.
  • After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, no nutrient intakes remained statistically significant in their association with muscle measures.

Conclusions:

  • Few specific nutrients demonstrated a statistically significant association with muscle measures in geriatric outpatients after rigorous correction.
  • Nutrient intake may have a more pronounced relationship with muscle mass compared to muscle strength or power in this population.