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Updated: Nov 4, 2025
A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Triple-arm androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer: a review
Milap H Desai1, Meghana Parsi2, Rashmika R Potdar2
1Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 W Queen Ln, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA. Mhd39@drexel.edu.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer is estimated to be the second most common malignancy in men in the USA in 2020 and represents the second highest mortality from cancer behind lung and bronchial neoplasms. Management of advanced prostate cancer is evolving. Medical androgen deprivation therapy is currently a cornerstone of therapy for prostate cancer; however molecular mechanisms of resistance have emerged leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer that is proliferation of prostate cancer in the setting of low testosterone (< 50 ng/dl). The benefit of double androgen blockade like ADT plus abiraterone acetate or androgen receptor blockers is proven in many clinical trials; however multiple mechanisms of resistance still exist. In theory, another layer of androgen blockade will prevent, or at least slow, prostate cancer proliferation. This direction of thought has recently been explored with multiple clinical trials. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge regarding androgen resistance, newer androgen inhibition therapies, and the implications of a triple-arm anti-androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer.
Insights
Advanced prostate cancer management is evolving. This review explores triple androgen blockade as a novel strategy to overcome resistance to current therapies, potentially slowing cancer proliferation.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Urology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in men.
- Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment, but resistance leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
- Existing treatments like double androgen blockade show benefits but still face resistance mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on androgen resistance in advanced prostate cancer.
- To discuss newer androgen inhibition therapies.
- To explore the potential of triple androgen blockade in managing advanced prostate cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on prostate cancer treatment resistance.
- Analysis of clinical trials investigating novel anti-androgen strategies.
- Synthesis of information on molecular mechanisms of androgen resistance.
Main Results:
- Multiple resistance mechanisms to ADT and double androgen blockade have been identified.
- Emerging therapies aim to provide deeper androgen blockade.
- Triple androgen blockade is being investigated as a strategy to overcome existing resistance.
Conclusions:
- Understanding androgen resistance is crucial for advancing prostate cancer treatment.
- Novel therapeutic strategies, including triple androgen blockade, show promise for advanced prostate cancer.
- Further clinical investigation is needed to establish the efficacy of triple androgen blockade.
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