Monitoring anesthesia using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography
Vidhya Vijayakrishnan Nair1, Brianna R Kish1, Ho-Ching Shawn Yang1
1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Objective:
This study aims to understand the neural and hemodynamic responses during general anesthesia in order to develop a comprehensive multimodal anesthesia depth monitor using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalogram (EEG).
Methods:
37 adults and 17 children were monitored with simultaneous fNIRS and EEG, during the complete general anesthesia process. The coupling of fNIRS signals with neuronal signals (EEG) was calculated. Measures of complexity (sample entropy) and phase difference were also quantified from fNIRS signals to identify unique fNIRS based biomarkers of general anesthesia.
Results:
A significant decrease in the complexity and power of fNIRS signals characterize the anesthesia maintenance phase. Furthermore, responses to anesthesia vary between adults and children in terms of neurovascular coupling and frontal EEG alpha power.
Conclusions:
This study shows that fNIRS signals could reliably quantify the underlying neuronal activity under general anesthesia and clearly distinguish the different phases throughout the procedure in adults and children (with less accuracy).
Significance:
A multimodal approach incorporating the specific differences between age groups, provides a reliable measure of anesthesia depth.
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