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Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...

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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

Published on: February 5, 2019

Electricity generation from ionic solution flowing through packed three-dimensional graphene powders.

Changzheng Li^1,2, Dafeng Yang¹, Syed Waqar Hasan²

¹School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.

|May 25, 2021

Summary

Clean energy can be generated using flowing ionic solutions and packed graphene powders in a novel electrokinetic nanogenerator. This technology also shows potential for self-powered flowmeters.

Keywords:

3D graphene electrokinetic energy conversion energy harvesting self-powered systems streaming potential

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Energy Harvesting
Nanotechnology

Background:

Traditional energy harvesting methods face limitations in efficiency and scalability.
Graphene's unique properties offer potential for advanced energy applications.
Ionic solutions present an underexplored medium for energy generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a novel method for electricity generation from ionic solutions using three-dimensional graphene.
To investigate the performance of an electrokinetic nanogenerator based on graphene.
To explore the potential of this system for self-powered flow measurement.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an electrokinetic nanogenerator utilizing packed three-dimensional graphene powders.
Measurement of electrical output (current and power density) using a low concentration NaCl solution.
Analysis of the relationship between ionic solution flow rate and generated streaming current.

Main Results:

A significant current of 91.33 nA was generated from a 10^-6M NaCl solution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml min^-1.
The nanogenerator achieved a maximum power density of 0.45 μW m^-2.
A strong linear correlation was observed between streaming current and flow rate.

Conclusions:

The developed graphene-based electrokinetic nanogenerator offers an effective approach for clean energy harvesting.
The system's sensitivity to flow rate suggests its utility as a self-powered micro-flowmeter.
This research opens avenues for sustainable energy solutions and self-powered microdevices.