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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues
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Epigenetics and microRNAs in UGT1As.

Cui-Lan Meng1, Wei Zhao1, Dan-Ni Zhong2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning City, Guangxi, China.

Human Genomics
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics and microRNAs significantly influence UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), key drug-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding these factors is crucial for UGT1A-related disease treatment and personalized medicine.

Keywords:
Drug-metabolizing enzymesEpigeneticsPosttranscriptional regulationUDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1AsmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are critical phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for extensive glucuronidation.
  • The UGT1A subfamily plays a major role in over half of all glucuronidation reactions.
  • Individual variations in UGT1A expression and distribution impact disease susceptibility and drug metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory role of epigenetics in the UGT1A gene family.
  • To explore the influence of noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), on UGT1A regulation.
  • To discuss the link between epigenetic modifications, UGT1A function, and related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on UGT1A regulation.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modification.
  • Examination of miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of UGT1As.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetics (DNA methylation, histone modification) controls UGT1A pretranscriptional expression.
  • miRNAs are key regulators of UGT1A posttranscriptional expression.
  • Epigenetic inheritance and miRNAs affect UGT1A sex-specific expression and in vivo distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic factors and miRNAs are critical determinants of differential UGT1A expression and function.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is essential for addressing UGT1A-related diseases and optimizing treatments.
  • Early-life epigenetic changes can have long-lasting effects on UGT1A gene expression.