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Update Breast Cancer 2021 Part 2 - Advanced Stages, Long-Term Consequences and Biomarkers
Nina Ditsch1, Elmar Stickeler2, Annika Behrens3
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Abstract:
This review summarises and discusses significant aspects of recently published studies on patient treatment in advanced breast cancer and on biomarkers in breast cancer. In recent years, a large number of drugs for all molecular subtypes have been developed up to phase III trials. With regard to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastasised breast cancer, the recent discussion has centred on the best candidate for combined chemotherapy. The oral taxanes could become a new type of oral chemotherapies. There is a growing body of data on biomarkers for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, which could also signify further development for other molecular subtypes. New substances have been developed for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer that still result in good remission even after massive prior treatment and/or cerebral metastasis. Similarly, knowledge is growing about targeted therapies with antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) against Trop-2, which could bolster our therapeutic armoury in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In addition, the clinical focus is on understanding how to maintain fertility after breast cancer treatment. Here, pooled analyses provide new insights.
Insights
Recent advancements in advanced breast cancer treatment include new drugs for all subtypes, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oral taxanes, and targeted therapies like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Fertility preservation is also a key focus.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Genetics
Background:
- Advanced breast cancer treatment is rapidly evolving with numerous new drug developments.
- Understanding biomarkers is crucial for tailoring patient treatment strategies.
- Metastatic breast cancer presents unique challenges requiring novel therapeutic approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent significant studies on patient treatment in advanced breast cancer.
- To discuss emerging biomarkers and their role in treatment selection.
- To highlight advancements in therapies for various breast cancer subtypes and fertility preservation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recently published studies.
- Analysis of clinical trial data up to phase III.
- Synthesis of information on biomarkers, targeted therapies, and supportive care.
Main Results:
- Development of new drugs across all molecular subtypes, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and oral taxanes.
- Growing evidence for biomarkers guiding CDK4/6 inhibitor use and potential for other subtypes.
- Effective new treatments for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer, even with prior treatment or brain metastases.
- Advancements in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting Trop-2 for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
- New insights into fertility preservation strategies post-treatment.
Conclusions:
- The therapeutic landscape for advanced breast cancer is expanding with targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
- Biomarker research is essential for optimizing treatment selection and expanding drug applicability.
- Novel agents show promise for difficult-to-treat metastatic breast cancer, including HER2+ and TNBC.
- Fertility preservation is an increasingly important clinical consideration in breast cancer care.
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