Pediatric Asthma: Prevalence and Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Asthma Management in a Rural Area of Northern
B M Rashmi1, Shailaja S Patil2, B M Sindhu3
1Department of Community Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India.
Insights
Pediatric asthma is rising in rural India, with many children lacking standard care. Factors like poverty and illiteracy contribute to severe asthma due to poor treatment adherence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Increasing prevalence and severity of childhood asthma in India.
- Limited data on pediatric asthma in rural Indian populations.
- Substandard asthma treatment compared to established guidelines.
Purpose of the Study:
- Estimate asthma prevalence in children aged 5-15 years.
- Identify factors affecting access to standard asthma care.
- Investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors on asthma management.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study conducted in rural North Karnataka over one year.
- Utilized the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire.
- Clinical examinations and standardized criteria for asthma diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Prevalence of current-wheeze at 4%, ever-asthma at 2%, and wheeze on exertion at 3.7%.
- High rates of severe asthma (63.9%) and severe exacerbations (44.4%).
- Predominant use of oral medications (89%), poor adherence (50%), and lack of regular follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Illiteracy and poverty significantly impact treatment adherence.
- Lack of proper guidelines and inhalational medications contribute to severe asthma.
- Addressing socioeconomic factors is crucial for improving pediatric asthma care.
Context:
Asthma prevalence and severity is increasing among Indian children. There is the paucity of data on pediatric asthma in rural India and treatment received by asthmatics is not up-to-standard treatment guidelines.
Aim:
The aim is to estimate asthma prevalence and factors influencing access to standard asthmatic care among 5-15 years aged children.
Settings And Design:
Cross-sectional study conducted in rural north-Karnataka for 1 year.
Subjects And Methods:
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was administered to participants followed by clinical examination. A child was considered as asthmatic if there was affirmative response to: (a) History of wheeze in the past 12 months, (b) Physician diagnosed/ever asthma, (c) history of taking inhaled/oral bronchodilators.
Statistical Analysis:
All characteristics were summarized descriptively.
Results:
Prevalence of Current-wheeze, Ever-asthma, and wheeze on exertion were 4%, 2%, and 3.7%, respectively. About 63.9% of asthmatics had severe-asthma and 44.4% reported severe attack of wheezing limiting speech. About 89% of current-wheezers used only oral medications for wheeze/asthma, 50% did not take medicines as per doctors' advice. None availed regular follow-up. Financial constraints and ignorance were major reasons cited.
Conclusions:
Illiteracy, poverty, lack of proper guidelines, and non-availability of inhalational medications have affected treatment adherence resulting in severe asthma.
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