Intramedullary Endometriosis of the Conus Medullaris

Endometriosis (EM) is a common gynecological disease characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. We report a case of intramedullary EM, a rare condition with only seven similar cases reported until today. MRI showed a mass-like lesion within the spinal canal at the L1-L2 levels and the histological and immunohistochemical features were characteristic of intraspinal endometriosis (IEM). A review of the relevant literature and a comparison between our case and seven other similar cases were made. Intraspinal EM must be recognized as a potential cause of periodic neurological signs and symptoms in young and middle-aged women. Timely intervention and appropriate management can result in control of the disease and an improvement in neurological functions.