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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

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Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
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Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Attention can operate on object representations in visual sensory memory.

Tong Xie1, Weizhi Nan1, Shimin Fu2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention can operate on object representations in visual sensory memory even after physical objects disappear. This finding shows that sensory memory-maintained objects influence attentional allocation.

Keywords:
Object representationObject-based attentionSensory memoryVision

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Attention can be directed towards low-level perceptual features or high-level semantic information.
  • The influence of purely neural object representations on attention, independent of physical stimuli, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if object representations in visual sensory memory can guide attention after physical object disappearance.
  • To explore the temporal dynamics of object-based attention within visual sensory memory.

Main Methods:

  • A modified double-rectangle paradigm was employed.
  • The interstimulus interval (ISI) between object offset and target onset was manipulated.
  • Reaction times (RTs) were measured to assess attentional effects.

Main Results:

  • An object-based attention effect (shorter RTs for within-object vs. between-object conditions) was observed with short ISIs (≤500 ms).
  • This effect diminished with longer ISIs (800 ms).

Conclusions:

  • Object representations persisting in visual sensory memory can function as units for attentional allocation.
  • This demonstrates a functional link between visual sensory memory and object-based attention.