Cardiovascular Risk Stratification Based on Oxidative Stress for Early Detection of Pathology.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Proteomics

Background:

• Current cardiovascular (CV) risk algorithms underestimate risk in young adults due to age dependency.
• Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a factor in CV disease development.
• Novel biomarkers are needed for early CV pathology detection in younger populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the role of oxidative stress in CV risk stratification among young adults.
• To explore novel plasma biomarkers for early detection of CV disease.
• To analyze dynamic thiol redox proteome and irreversible oxidation in relation to CV events.

Main Methods:

• Stratification of young adults into healthy controls, those with CV risk factors, and those with prior CV events.
• Analysis of plasma samples using FASILOX to examine the dynamic thiol redox proteome.
• Assessment of irreversible cysteine oxidation and differential protein expression of antioxidant response enzymes.

Main Results:

• Irreversible cysteine oxidation was significantly higher in patients with CV events compared to healthy subjects.
• Oxidation levels demonstrated a progressive pattern across the studied groups.
• Differential expression of glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin 1 suggests impaired redox homeostasis in CV disease.

Conclusions:

• This study establishes the implication of oxidative stress, including reversible and irreversible cysteine oxidation, in human plasma for CV risk stratification.
• Identified redox targets and quantified oxidative changes may enhance understanding of oxidative stress in CV disease.
• These findings could aid in stratifying CV event risk beyond traditional markers.