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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Ana Kober N Leite1, Gustavo Fernandes de Alvarenga1, Sérgio Gonçalves1
1Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeca e Pescoco, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR.
Craniofacial resection (CFR) for tumors with cranial extension carries risks. Intracranial tumor extension and postoperative neurological issues significantly increase perioperative mortality risk in these extensive surgeries.
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