Cross-Model Comparison of Transcriptomic Dose-Response of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted attention because of their toxicological potential in humans and wildlife at environmentally relevant doses. However, limited information is available regarding mechanistic differences across species in terms of the biological pathways that are impacted by SCCP exposure. Here, a concentration-dependent reduced human transcriptome (RHT) approach was conducted to evaluate 15 SCCPs in HepG2 cells and compared with our previous results using a reduced zebrafish transcriptome (RZT) approach in zebrafish embryos (ZFEs). Generally, SCCPs induced a broader suite of biological pathways in ZFEs than HepG2 cells, and all of the 15 SCCPs were more potent in HepG2 cells compared to ZFEs. Despite these general differences, the transcriptional potency of SCCPs in both model systems showed a significant linear relationship (p = 0.0017, r² = 0.57), and the average ratios of transcriptional potency for each SCCP in RZT to that in RHT were ∼100,000. C₁₀H₁₄Cl₈ was the most potent SCCP, while C₁₀H₁₇Cl₅ was the least potent in both ZFEs and HepG2 cells. An adverse outcome pathway network-based analysis demonstrated model-specific responses, such as xenobiotic metabolism that may be mediated by different nuclear receptor-mediated pathways between HepG2 cells (e.g., CAR and AhR activation) and ZFEs (e.g., PXR activation). Moreover, induced transcriptional changes in ZFEs associated with pathways and molecular initiating events (e.g., activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) suggest that SCCPs may disrupt neural development processes. The cross-model comparison of concentration-dependent transcriptomics represents a promising approach to assess and prioritize SCCPs.