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Immunological features beyond CD4/CD8 ratio values in older individuals.

Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez1, Inés Herrero-Fernández1, María José Castro1

  • 1Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (HUVR)/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Aging
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio reflects immune system aging in older adults. Lower ratios correlate with reduced thymic output and immune cell changes, impacting health and daily function.

Keywords:
CD4/CD8 T-cell ratioTRECTreginflammationthymic output

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio is a key indicator in various diseases and treatments.
  • Understanding immune system changes with age is crucial for health management in older populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunological differences in older adults (>65 years) based on CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio categories (low, intermediate, high).
  • To explore how these ratios correlate with thymic output, T-cell subsets, inflammation, and health status.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios in older subjects.
  • Assessment of thymic output (sj/β-TREC ratio) and T-cell phenotypes (naïve, mature, CD95+, CD98+, CTLA-4+, integrin-β7+).
  • Measurement of inflammatory markers (hsCRP, β2-microglobulin, sCD163) and evaluation of comorbidities and daily independence.

Main Results:

  • Lower CD4/CD8 ratio group exhibited reduced thymic output, fewer naïve T-cells, and increased mature T-cells.
  • Specific T-cell subset alterations were observed in both CD4 and CD8 populations within the lower ratio group.
  • The intermediate ratio group showed notable differences in CD4 T-cell senescence; elevated hsCRP was found in the lower group.

Conclusions:

  • CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio variations are associated with distinct thymic output and immune profiles in older individuals.
  • These immune profiles influence overall health status and biological aging.
  • The CD4/CD8 ratio serves as a valuable integrative marker for biological age and immune capability in the elderly.