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The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High

Andrei Irimia^1,2, Nikhil N Chaudhari¹, David J Robles¹

¹Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

|May 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tsimane people show slower brain atrophy with age compared to industrialized populations. This suggests lifestyle factors may protect brain health despite high inflammation from infections.

Keywords:

Brain aging Cardiovascular disease Neurodegeneration

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Anthropology
Public Health

Background:

Brain atrophy correlates with cognitive decline and dementia risk.
Tsimane people exhibit low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk despite high infectious disease burden and inflammation.
Understanding factors influencing brain volume changes is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the association between brain volume (BV) and age in Tsimane forager-horticulturists.
To compare the rate of brain volume decline in the Tsimane to industrialized populations in the US and Europe.

Main Methods:

A cohort-based panel study involving 746 participants aged 40-94.
Computed tomography (CT) head scans were used to calculate brain volume (BV) and intracranial volume (ICV).
Linear regression analysis compared the rate of BV change with age between Tsimane and reference populations.

Main Results:

The Tsimane exhibited a significantly slower rate of brain volume decrease with age compared to industrialized populations.
This slower decline was observed in both combined samples and when analyzed by sex.
The null hypothesis of equal rates of decline (βT = βR) was rejected for all comparisons.

Conclusions:

The Tsimane lifestyle is associated with reduced brain atrophy rates compared to Western populations.
Lifestyle factors and low CVD risk may offer neuroprotection, even with high chronic inflammation.
Further research could elucidate mechanisms protecting Tsimane brain health.