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Related Concept Videos

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry01:10

Voltammetric Techniques: Cyclic Voltammetry

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is an electrochemical technique used to investigate the redox properties of a chemical species. It involves measuring the current response of an electrochemical cell as a function of the applied potential. The setup for cyclic voltammetry typically consists of a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode—all immersed in an electrolyte solution. The working electrode is where the redox reaction of interest occurs, while the reference electrode...
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Voltammetry: Overview01:20

Voltammetry: Overview

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Voltammetry is an electroanalytical technique in which the current flowing through an electrochemical cell is measured as a function of applied potential, typically under conditions of concentration polarization. The technique provides valuable information about redox-active species, and the current response is plotted as a voltammogram.
A voltammetric cell uses three electrodes: a working electrode, a reference electrode, and an auxiliary electrode. The redox reactions occur in the working...
2.2K
Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry01:17

Voltammetric Techniques: Pulse Voltammetry

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Differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a type of voltammetry that involves applying a series of voltage pulses to an electrochemical cell while measuring the resulting current. In DPV, the differential pulse or small potential pulses are superimposed on a linear potential sweep. The magnitude of these pulses is typically small, often in the millivolt range. Each voltage pulse lasts a short duration, usually in the order of a few milliseconds, and is applied at regular intervals along the...
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Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)01:12

Voltammetric Techniques: Linear-Scan (E vs Time)

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Polarography is a classical voltammetric technique used to analyze electrochemical reactions. This method applies a linear potential sweep to a dropping mercury electrode (DME), and the resulting current is measured. A dropping mercury electrode is commonly used as the working electrode in polarography. It consists of a capillary tube filled with mercury, where the tiny droplet forms at the tip. This droplet continuously drops from the capillary, creating a new electrode surface for each...
627
Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements01:21

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

295
A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...
295
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

1000
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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On-Chip Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements Using a Compact 1024-Electrode CMOS IC.

Meng Huang1, Carlos I Dorta-Quiñones2, Bradley A Minch3

  • 1School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 26, 2021
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Summary

This study demonstrates a new Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) microelectrode array for cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical sensing. The device offers high-throughput analysis with precise spatial and temporal resolution for biosensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Integrated Circuit Design
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) microelectrode arrays offer high-throughput electrochemical sensing with excellent spatial and temporal resolution.
  • These devices are valuable for detecting transmitter release from cells at single-vesicle resolution.
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) provides additional insights into electrode properties and analyte characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a 16-channel, 64-electrode-per-channel CMOS integrated circuit (IC) specifically designed for cyclic voltammetry (CV).
  • To validate the performance of the CMOS microelectrode array for electrochemical sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a CMOS IC using a 0.5 μm process, featuring compact detectors with 11 transistors and an integration capacitor.
  • Postfabrication using platinum (Pt) as the working electrode material with a shifted electrode design for flexible electrode definition.
  • Validation through dopamine injection tests and CV measurements of potassium ferricyanide at a 1 V/s scanning rate.

Main Results:

  • The fabricated CMOS IC successfully performed cyclic voltammetry measurements.
  • The system demonstrated excellent agreement between experimental cyclic voltammograms and theoretical predictions.
  • The microelectrode array achieved high spatial and temporal resolution for electrochemical sensing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CMOS microelectrode array technology is suitable for rigorous characterization of electrode performance.
  • This technology enables low-noise amperometric measurements of quantal transmitter release.
  • The device holds promise for various biosensing applications requiring high-resolution electrochemical detection.