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Related Experiment Video

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Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs
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Methodological considerations for measuring biofluid-based microRNA biomarkers.

Brian N Chorley1, Elnaz Atabakhsh2, Graeme Doran2

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), stable extracellular molecules, show promise as noninvasive biomarkers for disease and toxicity. Standardization in their measurement and interpretation is crucial for routine clinical and regulatory use.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsbiofluidsbiomarkersclinicalqualificationregulationreviewsafety assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, involved in numerous cellular processes.
  • Extracellular miRNAs are stable and can indicate organ/cell-specific toxicity, disease, and biological status.
  • Significant interest exists in utilizing miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for adverse outcomes in scientific, regulatory, and clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore major impediments hindering the routine acceptance and application of miRNA biomarkers.
  • To examine case examples illustrating both successes and deficiencies in miRNA biomarker development.
  • To provide insights into miRNA measurement, collection, and analysis to address knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and expert group discussions on miRNA biomarker development.
  • Analysis of challenges in standardization of sample preparation and miRNA measurement techniques.
  • Exploration of biological interpretation uncertainties for miRNA biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Lack of standardized protocols for sample handling and miRNA quantification impedes routine use.
  • Uncertainty in the biological interpretation of miRNA levels contributes to biomarker development challenges.
  • Despite challenges, progress has been made, with specific examples highlighting both successful and deficient development pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized approaches for sample preparation, measurement, and interpretation are essential for the widespread adoption of miRNA biomarkers.
  • Addressing current knowledge gaps through robust tools and methodologies will facilitate the routine application of miRNAs in diagnostics and risk assessment.
  • Collaborative efforts are key to overcoming hurdles and realizing the full potential of miRNA biomarkers.