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In Vivo and In Situ Approach to Study Islet Microcirculation: A Mini-Review.

Michael P Dybala1, Manami Hara1

  • 1Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new model suggests pancreatic islet blood flow is linked to the exocrine pancreas. This challenges previous ideas and highlights the importance of studying pancreatic microcirculation for both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Keywords:
3D image analysisbeta cell (β-Cell)capillaryintravital 2-photon microscopyisletmicrocirculation

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Microcirculation Research
  • Pancreatic Biology

Background:

  • The pancreas comprises distinct endocrine and exocrine systems, often managed by separate medical specialties.
  • Pancreatic diseases can impact the entire organ, despite specialized treatment approaches.
  • Islet microcirculation was traditionally viewed as independent from the exocrine pancreas's vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review practical applications of in vivo and in situ studies of islet microcirculation.
  • To emphasize the role of large-scale data analysis in islet microcirculation research, accounting for heterogeneity.
  • To discuss how a new model integrating islet and exocrine blood flow offers new research avenues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing intravital microscopy with two-photon excitation for in vivo analysis of red blood cell flow in small animals.
  • Employing confocal microscopy and tissue clearing techniques for in situ structural analysis of pancreatic blood vessels.
  • Focusing on large-scale data analysis to ensure adequate sample sizes for heterogeneous islet studies.

Main Results:

  • Intravital microscopy allows detailed observation of red blood cell dynamics in pancreatic islet microcirculation.
  • Advanced microscopy and tissue clearing enable high-resolution 3D imaging of pancreatic vascular networks.
  • The integration of islet and exocrine capillary networks is supported by emerging research models.

Conclusions:

  • A new model proposes integrated blood flow between pancreatic islets and the exocrine pancreas.
  • Studying pancreatic microcirculation is crucial for understanding both islet hormone regulation and acinar pancreas function.
  • Advanced imaging techniques and data analysis are vital for robust investigation of pancreatic microcirculation.