Platelet-rich plasma: a narrative review.

Area of Science:

• Orthopaedics
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is utilized for musculoskeletal pathologies.
• Its preparation, classification, and mechanism of action are diverse.
• Standardization is lacking for optimal clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evidence-based assessments of PRP preparation, classification, mechanism of action, and applications in orthopaedics.
• To determine the optimal PRP type for specific clinical indications.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Reviews.
• Included studies focused on PRP in orthopaedics, evaluating preparation, classification, mechanism of action, and clinical application.
• Sixty studies were included after quality evaluation.

Main Results:

• Multiple PRP preparation kits exist with variable concentrations; no consensus on optimal levels.
• Existing PRP classifications lack validation, and type is often not stated in research.
• PRP efficacy is noted in tendinopathies, early osteoarthritis, acute muscle injuries, rotator cuff repair, and ACL reconstruction.

Conclusions:

• Leukocyte-rich PRP (L-PRP) may benefit tendinopathies, while pure PRP (P-PRP) might be better for cartilage issues.
• Direct comparisons between PRP preparations are scarce.
• Standardization of PRP research parameters is crucial for clinical benefit.