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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

Published on: February 11, 2020

Droplet impact on pillar-arrayed non-wetting surfaces.

Long-Zan Wang¹, An Zhou¹, Jin-Zhi Zhou¹

¹Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China. yuys@hbut.edu.cn.

|May 27, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Droplet impact dynamics on pillar-arrayed surfaces depend on solid fraction. Lower solid fractions reduce rebound limits and can cause wetting state transitions, necessitating new models for impact velocity prediction.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Fluid Dynamics
Surface Science

Background:

Understanding droplet-surface interactions is crucial for applications like self-cleaning surfaces and microfluidics.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillar arrays offer tunable surface properties for studying wetting phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of solid fraction in PDMS pillar arrays on droplet impact dynamics.
To develop a predictive model for droplet rebound limits based on surface characteristics.
To analyze wetting state transitions and their impact on droplet behavior.

Main Methods:

Experimental study of droplet impact on PDMS surfaces with varying solid fractions (0.06, 0.20, 0.50).
Analysis of droplet rebound, spreading, and retraction using high-speed imaging.
Development of a theoretical model incorporating liquid penetration into surface cavities.

Main Results:

Complete droplet rebound limits (Weber number) decrease with lower solid fractions.
Wetting state transitions (Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel) observed at low solid fractions (0.06) due to liquid penetration.
Partial rebound and sticky states observed at high Weber numbers depending on solid fraction.
Surface roughness significantly influences droplet contact time.
Maximum spreading parameter follows a scaling law of Weber number to the power of 1/4.

Conclusions:

Solid fraction is a critical parameter governing droplet impact outcomes on pillar-arrayed surfaces.
A novel model accurately predicts upper impact velocity limits by accounting for liquid penetration.
Surface design, specifically solid fraction and roughness, can be optimized to control droplet behavior.