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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

211
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
211
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

183
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
183
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

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Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
110
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

63
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
63
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

102
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
102

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart failure population health considerations.

Jeenal Patel1

  • 1Associate director of Formulary Design and Strategy, Oscar Health, New York, NY.

The American Journal of Managed Care
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure (HF) poses a significant burden, with costs projected to rise. Evaluating transitional care programs and improving medication access are key to better patient outcomes and reduced healthcare spending.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Health Economics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) presents a growing challenge in the United States, marked by substantial patient burden and escalating healthcare expenditures.
  • Current HF-related healthcare costs are estimated at $30.7 billion, with projections reaching $69.8 billion by 2030 if treatment outcomes do not improve.
  • Hospital admissions are the primary driver of direct medical costs associated with heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of transitional care programs in reducing HF-related hospital readmissions.
  • To identify key components of successful transitional care interventions for heart failure patients.
  • To explore strategies for improving access to newly approved HF treatments, particularly for HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Main Methods:

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  • Analysis of existing data on HF prevalence, healthcare costs, and hospital readmission rates.
  • Review of outcomes from various transitional care programs aimed at reducing HF readmissions.
  • Examination of the role of pharmacists and physicians in facilitating patient access to HF medications.

Main Results:

  • Despite a decade of focus, few interventions have significantly reduced HF-related hospital readmission rates.
  • Transitional care programs show mixed results, with some demonstrating success in reducing readmissions while others do not improve overall endpoints.
  • Newly approved treatments for HF with preserved ejection fraction offer potential for improved clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The variable success of transitional care programs underscores the need for careful evaluation of their components.
  • Pharmacists and physicians play a crucial role in enhancing patient access to HF medications through various support mechanisms.
  • Optimizing transitional care and medication access strategies is essential for managing the growing burden of heart failure.