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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice
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Cryopreservation Protocols for Genetically Engineered Mice.

Glenn Longenecker1, Kyoungin Cho2, Jaspal S Khillan2

  • 1National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Current Protocols
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryopreservation protocols for mouse embryos and sperm are crucial for preserving genetically engineered models (GEMs). This guide details methods for freezing and thawing these valuable research resources, ensuring their viability for future studies.

Keywords:
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)controlled rate freezingembryo cryopreservationsperm cryopreservationvitrification

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Genetically engineered mice (GEMs) are vital for studying human development and diseases.
  • Effective cryopreservation of mouse embryos and sperm is essential for maintaining these valuable research models.
  • Established protocols ensure the long-term storage and viability of GEMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide detailed protocols for the cryopreservation and retrieval of mouse embryos and sperm.
  • To outline quality-control measures for ensuring successful cryopreservation.
  • To facilitate the efficient use and transport of GEMs through cryopreservation.

Main Methods:

  • Sperm cryopreservation using the JAX and CARD protocols, including medium preparation and in vitro fertilization (IVF).
  • Embryo cryopreservation via controlled gradual cooling or vitrification for 2-cell to morula stages.
  • Surgical transfer techniques for retrieving cryopreserved embryos.

Main Results:

  • Successful cryopreservation and subsequent retrieval of viable mouse embryos and sperm.
  • Demonstration of established protocols for both gradual cooling and vitrification methods.
  • Validation of JAX and CARD protocols for sperm cryopreservation and IVF.

Conclusions:

  • Detailed cryopreservation protocols are critical for the preservation and future use of GEMs.
  • Standardized methods for embryo and sperm cryopreservation ensure resource integrity.
  • Cryopreservation offers an efficient alternative to shipping live animals for research purposes.