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Analysis and measurement of neck loads
S P Moroney1, A B Schultz, J A Miller
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Summary
This study developed a biomechanical neck model to analyze forces during physical tasks. The model accurately predicted neck muscle forces and spinal loads, validating its use in understanding neck biomechanics.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Movement Science
- Spinal Anatomy
Background:
- The neck's complex structure is susceptible to injury during physical activities.
- Understanding the loads on cervical structures is crucial for injury prevention and rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a biomechanical model of the human neck.
- To quantify muscle forces and spinal loads during various isometric neck tasks.
- To correlate model-predicted forces with measured myoelectric activity.
Main Methods:
- A 14-muscle equivalent biomechanical neck model was created.
- A double linear programming optimization scheme was employed.
- Isometric neck exertions were performed by 14 healthy subjects, with myoelectric activity recorded.
- Model-derived forces were correlated with measured electromyography (EMG) data.
Main Results:
- Calculated neck muscle forces reached up to 180 N.
- C4-5 motion segment experienced compression forces up to 1164 N.
- Lateral and anteroposterior shear forces ranged up to 125 N and 135 N, respectively.
- Correlation coefficients between calculated forces and measured EMG reached 0.85 in some muscles.
Conclusions:
- The biomechanical neck model effectively estimates muscle forces and spinal loads.
- The model provides valuable insights into the biomechanics of neck movements.
- Findings support the model's utility in research on neck injury and performance.