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Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Fabrication of Size-Controlled and Emulsion-Free Chitosan-Genipin Microgels for Tissue Engineering Applications

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Published on: April 13, 2022

Factor XIII Cross-Linked Adhesive Chitosan Hydrogels.

Ingrid Berg¹, Riccardo Rizzo¹, Mihyun Lee¹

¹Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

|May 27, 2021

Summary

This study introduces a novel biomedical adhesive combining chitosan and fibrin glue. This new formulation offers fast gelation, tunable properties, antibacterial effects, and strong cartilage adhesion, presenting a safer alternative to synthetic glues.

Keywords:

adhesive hydrogels cartilage chitosan enzymatic cross-linking factor XIII transglutaminase

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Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

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Published on: April 13, 2022

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Published on: October 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Biomedical adhesives offer an alternative to sutures but approved options often use toxic synthetic chemicals.
There is a need for safer, effective biomedical adhesives with improved tissue integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, biocompatible biomedical adhesive by combining chitosan and fibrin glue.
To leverage the properties of chitosan and enzymatic cross-linking for enhanced adhesion and functionality.

Main Methods:

Chitosan was combined with fibrin glue's enzymatic cross-linking system (transglutaminase Factor XIII).
The formulation's gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and adhesion to cartilage were evaluated.

Main Results:

The developed chitosan formulation exhibited fast gelation kinetics.
Tunable mechanical properties, inherent antibacterial activity, and strong adhesion to cartilage were achieved.
The combination demonstrated synergistic activity between chitosan and fibrin glue cross-linking.

Conclusions:

A novel transglutaminase Factor XIII cross-linkable chitosan formulation was successfully generated.
This new adhesive shows promise as a safer and effective alternative to synthetic biomedical adhesives, particularly for cartilage applications.