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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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Analyzing the effect of electrode size on electrogram and activation map properties.

Bahareh Abdi1, Mathijs S van Schie2, Natasja M S de Groot2

  • 1Circuits and Systems (CAS) Group, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands.

Computers in Biology and Medicine
|May 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrode size significantly impacts atrial electrogram analysis for atrial fibrillation (AF). Larger electrodes distort measurements, affecting AF understanding and treatment strategies. Careful consideration of electrode properties is crucial for accurate interpretation.

Keywords:
Activation mapAtrial fibrillationAtrial mappingElectrode sizeElectrogram interpolationElectrogram morphologyElectrogramsLocal activation time

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Biology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Epicardial electrograms are vital for studying atrial fibrillation (AF) initiation, perpetuation, and treatment.
  • Electrode array properties significantly influence recorded electrogram characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and analyze the effect of electrode size on atrial electrogram properties using the electrode's transfer function.
  • To investigate how varying electrode sizes impact the analysis of simulated and clinical atrial fibrillation data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-dimensional (2D) electrogram model and action propagation model for simulating electrogram arrays.
  • Estimated trans-membrane current from high-resolution 2D cell grids for clinical data interpolation and modeling with different electrode sizes.
  • Simulated electrogram arrays across varying tissue heterogeneity levels to mimic inhomogeneous wave propagation in AF.

Main Results:

  • Increased electrode size led to higher errors in Latency Estimation (LAT) and reduced conduction block line lengths.
  • Larger electrodes produced more homogeneous activation maps with fewer observed wavelets.
  • Electrode size influenced low voltage areas, slopes, and deflection counts, with more pronounced effects in heterogeneous tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Electrode size is a critical factor influencing atrial electrogram properties, potentially complicating AF research.
  • Findings necessitate careful consideration of electrode size in AF electrogram analysis and comparison of results across different electrode arrays.