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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Short Session High Intensity Interval Training and Treadmill Assessment in Aged Mice
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Morning Preconditioning Exercise Does Not Increase Afternoon Performance in Competitive Runners.

Even Brøndbo Dahl, Eivind Øygard, Gøran Paulsen

    International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
    |May 27, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Preconditioning exercise, including running or resistance training, performed six hours before a treadmill running test did not enhance endurance performance in competitive runners. Neither exercise type improved time-to-exhaustion or running economy.

    Keywords:
    endurancemorning exerciseprior exerciserunning economystrength trainingwarm-up

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Human Performance

    Background:

    • Preconditioning exercise is often used to improve subsequent athletic performance within the same day.
    • The optimal timing and type of preconditioning exercise for endurance activities remain areas of investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of running (RUN) and resistance exercise (RES) as preconditioning stimuli on endurance performance.
    • To examine these effects six hours prior to a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) running test in competitive male runners.

    Main Methods:

    • Ten male competitive runners participated in a randomized crossover study with three conditions: RUN preconditioning, RES preconditioning, and no preconditioning (NoEx).
    • Preconditioning sessions were separated by at least 72 hours.
    • Performance was assessed via a 2-minute TTE test, running economy, countermovement jump height, and electrically evoked muscle force.

    Main Results:

    • Neither RUN nor RES preconditioning significantly improved time-to-exhaustion or running economy compared to NoEx.
    • Jump height showed a trend towards improvement after RES (P = .07).
    • Resistance exercise tended to induce low-frequency fatigue in the vastus medialis muscle (P = .06).

    Conclusions:

    • Preconditioning with either running or resistance exercise six hours before a short-duration, high-intensity running test does not enhance performance in competitive runners.
    • Resistance exercise may potentially induce muscle fatigue when performed as preconditioning.
    • Further research is needed to explore different preconditioning protocols and their impact on various exercise modalities.