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Unlocking G-Quadruplexes as Antiviral Targets.

Ardavan Abiri1, Marc Lavigne1, Masoud Rezaei1

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (A.A., S.N.); Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, UMR 3569 CNRS, Paris, France (M.L.); Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (M.R.); Dioscuri Center of Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (P.Z.); Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (P.Z.); Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau cedex, France (J.-L.M.); Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (H.-R.R.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (H.-R.R.).

Pharmacological Reviews
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G-quadruplexes (G4s), unique nucleic acid structures, show promise in antiviral drug discovery. Targeting viral and host G4s could lead to new therapies against viral infections and related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Guanine-rich sequences form G-quadruplexes (G4s), noncanonical nucleic acid structures.
  • G4s are recognized as scaffolds for ligand binding, attracting significant scientific interest.
  • G4s play crucial roles in viral replication, transcription, and translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and significance of G-quadruplexes in viruses.
  • To explore the role of G4 ligands in antiviral drug discovery.
  • To discuss the potential of targeting both viral and host G4s for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on G-quadruplexes in viral contexts.
  • Analysis of existing research on G4 ligands and their antiviral mechanisms.
  • Assessment of challenges and future directions in G4-based antiviral drug discovery.

Main Results:

  • G4s are implicated in suppressing viral processes like replication and transcription.
  • Viral G4s and host G4s (involved in immune modulation and viral genome integration) are potential therapeutic targets.
  • G4 ligands demonstrate potential in modulating viral replication and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • G-quadruplexes represent a promising frontier in antiviral therapy.
  • Targeting G4 structures offers a novel strategy for developing antiviral drugs.
  • Further research into viral G4s and their ligands is essential for advancing antiviral drug discovery.