Cytotoxic 1,2,3-Triazoles as Potential Leads Targeting the S100A2-p53 Complex: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity

In silico screening predicted 1 (N-(4-((4-(3-(4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl)piperazin-1-yl) sulfonyl)-phenyl)acetamide) as an inhibitor of the S100A2-p53 protein-protein interaction. S100A2 is a validated pancreatic cancer drug target. In the MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cell line, 1 was a ∼50 μM growth inhibitor. Synthesis of five focused compound libraries and cytotoxicity screening revealed increased activity from the presence of electron withdrawing moieties on the sulfonamide aromatic ring, with the 3,5-bis-CF₃ Library 3 analogues the most active, with GI₅₀ values of 0.91 (3-ClPh; 13 i; BxPC-3, Pancreas) to 9.0 μM (4-CH₃ ; 13 d; PANC-1, Pancreas). Activity was retained against an expanded pancreatic cancer cell line panel (MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3, AsPC-1, Capan-2, PANC-1 and HPAC) and the normal cell line MCF10A (breast). Bulky 4-disposed substituents on the terminal phenyl ring enhanced broad spectrum activity with growth inhibition values spanning 1.1 to 3.1 μM (4-C(CH₃ )₃ ; 13 e; BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 (pancreas), respectively). Central alkyl spacer contraction from propyl to ethyl proved detrimental to activity with Library 4 and 5.5- to 10-fold less cytotoxic than the propyl linked Library 2 and Library 3. The data herein was consistent with the predicted binding poses of the compounds evaluated. The highest levels of cytotoxicity were observed with those analogues best capable of adopting a near identical pose to the p53-peptide in the S100A2-p53 binding groove.