Editorial: The Complexity of Neurofeedback and Control of Placebo Effects

The Neurofeedback Collaborative Group¹ made substantial efforts in assessing clinical effects of neurofeedback (NF) as a promising nonpharmacological treatment option for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT), they evaluated the specific effects of a standard NF protocol (theta/beta ratio [TBR] training) compared to a placebo-like control group. Similar to pharmacological studies, the placebo-like intervention can be considered as a gold standard, as it allows evaluation of specific effects of NF training.