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Engineered bioclimatic responses in ancient settlements: a case study.

Satyajit Ghosh1,2, Sameer J Bharadwaj3, Sagar J Bharadwaj3

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. satyajitg@vit.ac.in.

International Journal of Biometeorology
|May 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient Jain builders in India engineered settlements for thermal comfort using innovative microclimates and composite building materials. Their methods, including hydraulic air conditioning, ensured comfortable living conditions despite regional heat stress.

Keywords:
Adaptive thermal comfortAncient settlementsBioclimatic responsesHVAC loadsHydraulic air-conditioningTropical microclimate

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Area of Science:

  • Archaeology
  • Architectural History
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • A 1000-year-old Jain settlement in Mandya, Karnataka, showcases advanced ancient engineering.
  • The region faces significant heat stress due to unreliable monsoons, necessitating thermal comfort solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the bioclimatic responses and engineered microclimate of the ancient Jain settlement.
  • To analyze the effectiveness of vernacular architectural strategies in maintaining indoor thermal comfort for residents.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental calculation of thermal transmittivity across composite walls (fired bricks, granite, limestone).
  • Computational modeling to reconstruct airflow and heat distribution, simulating original conditions.
  • Site visit analysis of architectural features like granite reservoirs and building layouts.

Main Results:

  • Composite building fabrics exhibited low to moderate thermal transmittance (0.27 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ for temples, 0.23 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ for dormitories).
  • A granite reservoir facilitated hydraulic air conditioning, providing cool air for eight months annually.
  • Engineered microclimate, staggered layout, building forms, mixed fabrics, and glazing ratios ensured salubrious indoor settings.

Conclusions:

  • Ancient Jain settlements effectively modulated bioclimatic responses for thermal comfort through ingenious design.
  • The study highlights the potential of vernacular architecture in tropical settings for modern sustainable design.
  • Further research into ancient settlement adaptations can inform contemporary indoor comfort strategies.