Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

776
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
776
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

2.7K
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
2.7K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

2.9K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.9K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

772
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
772
Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

35.6K
Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
35.6K
Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

25.0K
Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
25.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New measurements of the half-life of <sup>225</sup>Ac at the NPL and IRA.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

FLASH: New intersection of physics, chemistry, biology, and cancer medicine.

Reviews of modern physics·2026
Same author

A phase I dose escalation of FLASH radiotherapy in patients with cutaneous metastases from melanoma: The IMPulse trial.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026
Same author

Determination of the gamma emission intensities of <sup>61</sup>Cu.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026
Same author

The prospective phase I "Flash-Skin I" trial: ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy implementation and quality assurance at a clinical linear accelerator.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026
Same author

Validation of a patient-specific quality assurance tool for offline analysis of treatment deliveries.

Medical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level
08:53

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Published on: June 6, 2018

8.2K

Activity standardisation of 223Ra.

Youcef Nedjadi1, Laurent Desorgher1, Frédéric Juget1

  • 1Institut de Radiophysique, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|May 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study standardized the activity of radium-223 dichloride solution using liquid scintillation counting. Results from two methods agreed closely, providing reliable measurements for this important radiopharmaceutical.

Keywords:
(223)Ra4πγ countingActivity standardisationCNETLiquid scintillationTDCR

More Related Videos

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.0K
A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 4, 2025

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level
08:53

Automated 90Sr Separation and Preconcentration in a Lab-on-Valve System at Ppq Level

Published on: June 6, 2018

8.2K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.0K
A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics
  • Radiochemistry
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Radium-223 (223Ra) dichloride is a targeted alpha therapy agent.
  • Accurate activity standardization is crucial for precise 223Ra dosage in clinical applications.
  • Established methods for 223Ra standardization are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform primary activity standardization of a 223Ra dichloride solution.
  • To compare the performance of liquid scintillation counting techniques for 223Ra.
  • To validate a backup method for 223Ra activity determination.

Main Methods:

  • Triple-to-double-coincidence-ratio (TDCR) method using an in-house detector.
  • CIEMAT-NIST efficiency tracing (CNET) technique with a commercial counter.
  • 4πγ NaI(Tl) integral counting with Monte Carlo simulations for efficiency calculation.

Main Results:

  • Liquid scintillation methods (TDCR and CNET) yielded consistent activity measurements with ~0.4% relative standard uncertainty.
  • The two liquid scintillation techniques agreed within 0.15%.
  • The 4πγ NaI(Tl) method provided a compatible result, 1% lower than liquid scintillation measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Both TDCR and CNET are suitable for primary 223Ra standardization.
  • The 4πγ NaI(Tl) method offers a viable, albeit less precise, alternative.
  • Accurate standardization is achievable for 223Ra solutions, supporting its therapeutic use.