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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Long non-coding RNAs in cancer stem cells.

Melanie Schwerdtfeger1, Vincenzo Desiderio2, Sebastian Kobold3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating cellular processes and are implicated in cancer. This review explores the involvement of lncRNAs in cancer stem cell biology and tumor progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human transcriptome contains non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulating cellular functions.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), >200 nucleotides, are involved in physiological and pathological events, including cancer.
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cell (CSC) biology.
  • To elucidate the involvement of lncRNAs in CSC maintenance, tumor growth, and cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies investigating lncRNA functions in CSCs.
  • Synthesis of findings on lncRNAs in cancer progression and recurrence.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are implicated in CSC maintenance and function.
  • lncRNAs influence CSC characteristics like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasion.
  • lncRNAs are linked to cancer progression, prognosis, and recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical regulators of cancer stem cell biology.
  • Targeting lncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand lncRNA mechanisms in CSCs.