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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
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Emergency medicine updates: Anaphylaxis.

Brit Long1, Michael Gottlieb2

  • 1SAUSHEC, Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|May 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anaphylaxis diagnosis and management have key updates for emergency clinicians. Recognize varied presentations and prioritize epinephrine therapy for this life-threatening allergic reaction.

Keywords:
AllergyAnaphylaxisEpinephrineEvidence-based medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a critical, life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate treatment.
  • Emergency departments (EDs) frequently manage anaphylaxis cases, necessitating awareness of current best practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review essential evidence-based advancements in diagnosing and managing anaphylaxis for emergency physicians.
  • To highlight recent findings, including alpha-gal anaphylaxis, for improved clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on anaphylaxis diagnosis and management.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis presentation is variable; multiple diagnostic criteria exist.
  • Alpha-gal anaphylaxis, triggered by an IgE response to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, is a newly identified cause.
  • Epinephrine is the primary treatment, administered intramuscularly; IV epinephrine is reserved for refractory cases or cardiovascular collapse.
  • Antihistamines and glucocorticoids do not impact biphasic reaction risk and should not delay epinephrine.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency clinicians must stay informed about evolving anaphylaxis diagnosis and treatment protocols.
  • Understanding risk factors for biphasic reactions, which occur in 1-7% of patients, is crucial for disposition planning.